SERVER POP 3

Server POP3 bertugas menyimpan pesan-pesan email untuk masing-masing pengguna dalam bentuk berkas teks. Sebuah account e-mail disimpan dalam sebuah berkas teks. Jika ada pesan e-mail yang baru masuk maka server POP3 akan menambahkannya pada bagian bawah berkas tersebut

Ketika seseorang pengguna ingin mengambil e-mail, server POP3 akan menanyakan nama account dan password. Ketika informasi tersebut diberikan dengan benar maka server POP3 akan mengizinkan pengguna untuk mengakses berkas tersebut sehingga client e-mail dapat membacanya.

Seperti server SMTP, server POP3, juga mengenal beberapa perintah, perintah yang sering digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :

• user, untuk memasukkan user id / account
• pass, untuk memasukkan pasword
• quit, untuk keluar dan menutup koneksi
• list, untuk melihat daftar pesan dan ukurannya
• retr x, untuk melihat isi pesan nomor ke x
• dele x, untuk menghapus pesan nomor ke x

Client e-mail akan membangun hubungan ke server POP3 melalui port 110 dan mengirimkan perintah-perintah di atas untuk mengambil e-mail dan menampilkannya. Biasanya setelah pesan e-mail diambil dari server, pesan e-mail tersebut akan dihapus. Untuk lebih jelasnya, dapat dilakukan percobaan dengan telnet ke mail server menggunakan port 110.

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Setting firewall untuk Transparant Proxy pada Mikrotik

Bentuk perintah konfigurasi :

ip firewall nat add chain=dstnat
protocol=tcp
dst-port=80
action=redirect
to-ports={ port proxy }

[admin@root] >/ip firewall nat
add chain=dstnat protocol=tcp dst-port=80 action=redirect to-ports=8080
comment=”" disabled=no
add chain=dstnat protocol=tcp dst-port=3128 action=redirect to-ports=8080
comment=”" disabled=no
add chain=dstnat protocol=tcp dst-port=8000 action=redirect to-ports=8080


CATATAN:
Perintah

[admin@root] >/ip web-proxy print { untuk melihat hasil konfigurasi web-proxy}
[admin@root] >/ip web-proxy monitor { untuk monitoring kerja web-proxy}

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Basis Data

Apakah yang dimaksud dengan basis data  itu ? Basis data adalah sekumpulan data yang terstruktur sehingga mampu memberikan akses yang efisien pada elemen data berdasar pengetahuan parsial atas elemen tersebut. dan disimpan secara terus-menerus serta bebas dari aplikasi yang mengakses elemn data tersebut (Keller, 2004, hal 1).
Informasi-informasi bersifat dinamis yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat halaman web disimpan dalam sebuah basis data. Proses request dari server dan response dari basis data yaitu :

1. Ketika server meminta data ke basis data, server mengirimkan query dalam bahasa SQL. Query tersebut kemudian akan ditanggapi oleh basis data dan mengembalikan data yang diminta oleh server dalam bentuk kumpulan record sesuai permintaannya.
2. Jika membutuhkan server yang dapat berkomunikasi dengan basis data maka perlu menggunakan penghubung yang disebut ODBC. Komunikasi antara server dan basis data dengan menggunakan ODBC tidak dibatasi oleh jenis basis datanya. Dengan demikian, pergantian basis data tidak akan mempengaruhi cara server berkomunikasi dengan basis data.

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Struktur Transaksi HTTP

Cara kerja HTTP seperti kebanyakan aplikasi terdistribusi lainnya, berjalan dengan model cliet-server. HTTP menggunakan TCP untuk berkomunikasi. Prosedur transaksi HTTP adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Client HTTP membangun koneksi ke server HTTP sesuai dengan alamat URL dan alamat port yang akan diberikan. Jika tidak ada URL yang diberikan maka akan menggunakan localhost, sedangkan jika nomer port tidak diberikan maka menggunakan port 80
2. Langkah berikutnya adalah client HTTP mengirimkan permintaan dengan perintah tertentu, contohnya GET /index.html HTTP/1.0, penjelasan mengenai perintah ini akan dibahas pada bagian berikutnya.
3. Setelah itu, server HTTP akan membalas dengan mengirimkan sumber daya yang diminta.
4. Setelah sumber yang diminta selesai dikirimkan, server HTTP akan menutup koneksi TCP tersebut. 

Dari langkah di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa HTTP merupakan protokol yang stateless, yaitu protokol yang tidak mempertahankan koneksi selama transaksi.

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KONFIGURASI SAMBA DEBIAN

 Masuk root, kemudian ketik #apt-get install samba

2.       Kemudian akan muncul pop up pilih “no”

3.       Setelah terinstal, kemudian kita konfigurasi sambanya ketikan #nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

4.       Isikan konfigurasi seperti ini :

#

# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.

#

#

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which

# are not shown in this example

#

# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)

# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #

# for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you

# may wish to enable

#

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command

# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic

# errors.

#

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

   server string = %h server

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server

;   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.

   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names

# to IP addresses

;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to

# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;

# interface names are normally preferred

;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the

# 'interfaces' option above to use this.

# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is

# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this

# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.

;   bind interfaces only = true

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).

   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following

# parameter to 'yes'.

;   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log

# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.

   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account

# in this server for every user accessing the server. See

# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html

# in the samba-doc package for details.

   security = share

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on

# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.

   encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what

# password database type you are using. 

   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

   guest account = endro

   invalid users = root

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix

# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the

# passdb is changed.

;   unix password sync = no

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following

# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan < for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).

   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes

# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in

# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.

;   pam password change = no

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC

# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must

# change the 'domain master' setting to no

#

;   domain logons = yes

#

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory

# from the client point of view)

# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the

# samba server (see below)

;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U

# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory

;   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client

# point of view)

;   logon drive = H:

;   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored

# in the [netlogon] share

# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention

;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR

# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix

# password; please adapt to your needs

; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather

# than setting them up individually then you'll need this

;   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the

# printcap file

;   printing = bsd

;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the

# cupsys-client package.

;   printing = cups

;   printcap name = cups

# When using [print$], root is implicitly a 'printer admin', but you can

# also give this right to other users to add drivers and set printer

# properties

;   printer admin = @ntadmin

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.

# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html

# for details

# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:

#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package

# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are

# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.

;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this

# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you

# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.

;   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges

# for something else.)

;   idmap uid = 10000-20000

;   idmap gid = 10000-20000

;   template shell = /bin/bash

;

; The following was the default behaviour in sarge

; but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce

; performance issues in large organizations

; See #368251 for some of the consequences of *not* having

; this setting and smb.conf(5) for all details

;

;   winbind enum groups = yes

;   winbind enum users = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]

   comment = Home Directories

   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next

# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.

   writable = no

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   directory mask = 0700

# Restrict access to home directories

# to the one of the authenticated user

# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes

   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

;[netlogon]

;   comment = Network Logon Service

;   path = /home/samba/netlogon

;   guest ok = yes

;   writable = no

;   share modes = no

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store

# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

# The path below should be writable by all users so that their

# profile directory may be created the first time they log on

;[profiles]

;   comment = Users profiles

;   path = /home/samba/profiles

;   guest ok = no

;   browseable = no

;   create mask = 0600

;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]

   comment = All Printers

   browseable = no

   path = /var/spool/samba

   printable = yes

   public = no

   writable = no

   create mode = 0700

[endro]

        comment = endro

        path = /home/endro/

        browseable = yes

        public = yes

        read only = no

        writable = yes

        guest ok = no

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers

[print$]

   comment = Printer Drivers

   path = /var/lib/samba/printers

   browseable = yes

   read only = yes

   guest ok = no

# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.

# Replace 'ntadmin' with the name of the group your admin users are

# members of.

;   write list = root, @ntadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.

;[cdrom]

;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM

;   writable = no

;   locking = no

;   path = /cdrom

;   public = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the

#       cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain

#       an entry like this:

#

#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0

#

# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the

#

# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD

#       is mounted on /cdrom

#

;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom

;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

5.       Kemudian tekan ctrl + x untuk menyimpan.

6.       Lakukan restart samba agar berjalan dengan perintah #/etc/init/samba restart

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KONFIGURASI SAMBA DEBIAN

 Masuk root, kemudian ketik #apt-get install samba

2.       Kemudian akan muncul pop up pilih “no”

3.       Setelah terinstal, kemudian kita konfigurasi sambanya ketikan #nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

4.       Isikan konfigurasi seperti ini :

#

# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.

#

#

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which

# are not shown in this example

#

# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)

# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #

# for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you

# may wish to enable

#

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command

# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic

# errors.

#

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

   server string = %h server

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server

;   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.

   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names

# to IP addresses

;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to

# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;

# interface names are normally preferred

;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the

# 'interfaces' option above to use this.

# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is

# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this

# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.

;   bind interfaces only = true

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).

   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following

# parameter to 'yes'.

;   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log

# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.

   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account

# in this server for every user accessing the server. See

# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html

# in the samba-doc package for details.

   security = share

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on

# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.

   encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what

# password database type you are using. 

   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

   guest account = endro

   invalid users = root

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix

# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the

# passdb is changed.

;   unix password sync = no

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following

# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan < for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).

   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes

# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in

# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.

;   pam password change = no

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC

# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must

# change the 'domain master' setting to no

#

;   domain logons = yes

#

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory

# from the client point of view)

# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the

# samba server (see below)

;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U

# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory

;   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client

# point of view)

;   logon drive = H:

;   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored

# in the [netlogon] share

# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention

;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR

# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix

# password; please adapt to your needs

; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather

# than setting them up individually then you'll need this

;   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the

# printcap file

;   printing = bsd

;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the

# cupsys-client package.

;   printing = cups

;   printcap name = cups

# When using [print$], root is implicitly a 'printer admin', but you can

# also give this right to other users to add drivers and set printer

# properties

;   printer admin = @ntadmin

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.

# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html

# for details

# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:

#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package

# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are

# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.

;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this

# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you

# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.

;   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges

# for something else.)

;   idmap uid = 10000-20000

;   idmap gid = 10000-20000

;   template shell = /bin/bash

;

; The following was the default behaviour in sarge

; but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce

; performance issues in large organizations

; See #368251 for some of the consequences of *not* having

; this setting and smb.conf(5) for all details

;

;   winbind enum groups = yes

;   winbind enum users = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]

   comment = Home Directories

   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next

# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.

   writable = no

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   directory mask = 0700

# Restrict access to home directories

# to the one of the authenticated user

# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes

   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

;[netlogon]

;   comment = Network Logon Service

;   path = /home/samba/netlogon

;   guest ok = yes

;   writable = no

;   share modes = no

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store

# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

# The path below should be writable by all users so that their

# profile directory may be created the first time they log on

;[profiles]

;   comment = Users profiles

;   path = /home/samba/profiles

;   guest ok = no

;   browseable = no

;   create mask = 0600

;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]

   comment = All Printers

   browseable = no

   path = /var/spool/samba

   printable = yes

   public = no

   writable = no

   create mode = 0700

[endro]

        comment = endro

        path = /home/endro/

        browseable = yes

        public = yes

        read only = no

        writable = yes

        guest ok = no

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers

[print$]

   comment = Printer Drivers

   path = /var/lib/samba/printers

   browseable = yes

   read only = yes

   guest ok = no

# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.

# Replace 'ntadmin' with the name of the group your admin users are

# members of.

;   write list = root, @ntadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.

;[cdrom]

;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM

;   writable = no

;   locking = no

;   path = /cdrom

;   public = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the

#       cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain

#       an entry like this:

#

#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0

#

# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the

#

# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD

#       is mounted on /cdrom

#

;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom

;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

5.       Kemudian tekan ctrl + x untuk menyimpan.

6.       Lakukan restart samba agar berjalan dengan perintah #/etc/init/samba restart

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